Ayurvedic Management of Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): A Clinical Case Report

Abstract

Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder that can be characterised by immune-mediated destruction of platelets that leads to an increased risk of bleeding. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting. In this condition, the platelet count is low, which leads to easy bruising, red or purple spots (Petechiae), nasal or gum bleeding, heavy menstrual bleeding etc. According to Ayurvedic principles, Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) can be correlated with Tiryakgata Raktapitta, a Tridoshic disorder with predominant involvement of Pitta Dosha. Due to the severity of this condition, it is considered under Ashta Mahagadas (eight major diseases) in Ayurveda texts. According to Ayurveda, Raktapitta develops when aggravated Pitta Dosha vitiates the blood (Rakta), increasing its quantity and causing it to flow abnormally through different body channels. Based on the direction of bleeding, Raktapitta is classified into three types: Urdhvaga, where bleeding occurs from the upper orifices such as the nose, mouth, ears, and eyes; Adhoga, where bleeding occurs from the lower passages including the anus, urinary tract, and genital tract; and Tiryakgata, in which vitiated blood spreads through the skin and subcutaneous tissues, producing hemorrhagic manifestations. In this study, we will discuss a case of a 52-year-old female who had Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), which was managed by Ayurvedic formulations.