Originality Requirement
- Authors confirm that the submitted work is original, has not been published elsewhere, and is not under consideration by another journal.
- Text, images, data, and ideas from other sources must be cited clearly and accurately.
Handling Similarity
- Submissions are reviewed for overlap before editorial processing. Authors may be asked to correct attribution, rewrite overlapping passages, or provide an explanation.
- Similarity of 25% or more may require revision and resubmission.
- Similarity above 30% may result in rejection before review.
- If plagiarism is found after publication, the journal may investigate, notify institutions or funders, and issue a correction or retraction depending on severity.